Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) are common look-alike plants that often grow in similar areas. While purslane is a nutritious edible plant, spotted spurge is toxic and can cause health issues. Learning to differentiate between these plants is essential for foraging safely.
Key Differences Between Purslane and Spotted Spurge
1. Leaf Shape and Texture
- Purslane:
- Leaves are thick, fleshy, and succulent.
- Paddle-shaped or oval with a smooth surface.
- Spotted Spurge:
- Leaves are thin, flat, and slightly hairy.
- Typically more elongated and may feature a reddish-brown spot in the center.
2. Stem Characteristics
- Purslane:
- Stems are succulent and reddish or green.
- Tend to lie flat on the ground in a neat, mat-like pattern.
- Spotted Spurge:
- Stems are thin, hairy, and exude a milky white latex when broken.
- Latex can irritate the skin, a key warning sign.
3. Flower Appearance
- Purslane:
- Small, yellow, star-shaped flowers.
- Appear at leaf axils and open briefly during bright sunlight.
- Spotted Spurge:
- Tiny, inconspicuous flowers surrounded by two heart-shaped bracts.
4. Growth Pattern
- Purslane:
- Forms dense, organized mats with stems radiating from a central point.
- Spotted Spurge:
- Grows in a prostrate, sprawling pattern that appears less structured than purslane.
5. Habitat
Both plants thrive in similar environments, such as disturbed soils, gardens, flowerbeds, and sidewalk cracks. This makes careful observation of other characteristics crucial for proper identification.
Safety Tips for Foraging
- Always ensure 100% certainty when identifying plants before consumption.
- If the stem exudes white latex, do not consume the plant—this is a clear indicator of toxic spurge.
- When in doubt, consult a foraging guide or expert, or avoid the plant altogether.
Conclusion
By understanding the differences in leaf texture, stem characteristics, flower structure, and growth patterns, you can confidently distinguish between purslane and the toxic spotted spurge. Proper identification is crucial for safe foraging and avoiding potential health risks.