Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) are two plants that often grow in similar environments, making them easy to confuse. However, distinguishing between the two is vital—purslane is a nutritious, edible weed, while spotted spurge is toxic and can cause skin irritation and other health issues if consumed. Here’s a detailed guide to help you confidently identify each plant and ensure your safety.
1. Leaf Shape and Texture
- Purslane: The leaves of purslane are thick, fleshy, and succulent. They have a smooth texture and are typically oval or paddle-shaped. The leaves grow close together in clusters, giving the plant a dense appearance.
- Spotted Spurge: Spotted spurge leaves are much thinner than purslane leaves. They are not as succulent and often have a slightly hairy or rough texture. The leaves are elongated with a characteristic reddish-brown spot at the center, which is where the plant gets its common name.
2. Stem Characteristics
- Purslane: The stems of purslane are also succulent, similar to the leaves, and have a reddish or green hue. These stems lie flat against the ground, spreading out to form a mat-like growth habit.
- Spotted Spurge: Spurge stems are thin, often covered with fine hairs, and typically produce a milky, white latex when broken. This latex is toxic and can irritate the skin, so handle with care.
3. Flower Appearance
- Purslane: Purslane flowers are small, yellow, and star-shaped, typically appearing at the axils of the leaves. These flowers are short-lived and only bloom during the day, especially when exposed to bright sunlight.
- Spotted Spurge: The flowers of spotted spurge are tiny, usually unnoticeable, and are surrounded by two heart-shaped bracts. These flowers are less showy and can be easy to overlook compared to the bright, yellow blooms of purslane.
4. Growth Pattern
- Purslane: Purslane grows in a dense, low, mat-like formation. The stems radiate outward from a central point, staying close to the ground. This organized growth habit is a distinctive feature of the plant.
- Spotted Spurge: Spotted spurge also grows in a spreading manner, but its growth is often more sprawling and disorganized compared to the compact, mat-like structure of purslane.
5. Habitat
Both plants thrive in disturbed soils, making them common in gardens, flowerbeds, sidewalks, and other human-modified areas. However, paying attention to their unique characteristics—such as leaf shape, stem texture, and flower appearance—can help you identify them no matter where they are growing.
Safety First
When foraging for wild edibles like purslane, it’s crucial to be absolutely certain of a plant’s identity before consuming it. Many edible plants have toxic look-alikes, and eating the wrong plant can lead to severe health risks. If you’re unsure, it’s always best to avoid consuming the plant and consult with an expert for guidance.
Conclusion
Although purslane and spotted spurge may grow in the same environments, their distinct physical characteristics make them easy to tell apart. Knowing these differences is essential for safe foraging and ensuring you only consume safe, edible plants like purslane. Whether you’re an experienced forager or just beginning to explore wild edibles, being able to identify these plants correctly is key to your health and safety.