Bell peppers, known for their characteristic bell shape, are the most common variety of sweet peppers. They come in a vibrant array of colors, including green, yellow, red, purple, orange, and brown. Their mild, sweet flavor and juicy flesh make them a staple in many dishes and salads. Due to their popularity, nearly half of all home gardeners grow some variety of sweet peppers. Fortunately, bell peppers are relatively easy to cultivate, especially with these helpful tips, and they require less space than plants like tomatoes or cucumbers. They can even thrive in containers, making them perfect for patios or decks.
1. Start Seeds Indoors
Bell peppers can be grown from seeds started indoors or directly sown in the soil, depending on the climate. In regions with cold winters, start seeds indoors six to eight weeks before the last predicted frost. Plant two to three seeds per container and thin out the weaker seedlings after a couple of weeks to ensure strong growth.
2. Transplant Seedlings Outside
Pepper plants need consistently warm temperatures, around 70 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, to thrive. Once the weather reaches this point, transplant the seedlings outdoors. Space the plants about 24 inches apart in a sunny location to allow ample room for growth and mutual shading during the hottest part of the day. Opt for nutrient-rich, well-drained soil for optimal results.
3. Mulch Around Plants
Mulching is an often overlooked but beneficial step in gardening. Applying a thick layer of mulch around your plants helps suppress weeds, retain soil moisture, and keep the soil cooler over the roots. Suitable mulch materials include commercial bark chips, pine needles, grass clippings, or straw.
4. Provide Adequate Water
Pepper plants require one to two inches of water per week for optimal growth. This amount may need to be increased during extremely hot and dry conditions. Always water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, which can lead to disease.
5. Apply Fertilizer to Promote Growth
To replenish soil nutrients and encourage fruit production, fertilize your bell peppers. Wait until the plants begin to blossom before applying fertilizer. Fertilizing too early can promote vegetative growth rather than blossom formation, reducing fruit yield.
6. Treat Pests Accordingly
Insect pests can cause significant damage to bell pepper plants. Monitor your plants regularly to spot infestations early. Common pests include blister beetles, aphids, cutworms, mites, pepper weevils, and thrips. Consult garden center staff for pest identification and treatment recommendations.
7. Harvest Fruit When Ready
Bell peppers are ready to harvest when they reach your desired size and color. Interestingly, green bell peppers are immature versions of their orange, red, yellow, or purple counterparts. To harvest, cut the stem 1 to 2 inches above the fruit to avoid damaging the plant and the pepper.
By following these tips, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of juicy and crunchy bell peppers from your garden. Happy gardening!